(e.g., clear-cutting old growth forests), and destructive human-nature Human mistreatment of nonhuman animals (e.g., factory farming), nature Increasingly, unsettling empirical data surfaced concerning Shape until the early 1970s (e.g., Arne Naess 1973 John Passmoreġ973). Since Ancient Greece, Western environmental philosophies did not take First Kind of Position in Feminist Environmental Philosophy: One Historically Associated with a Non-Feminist Environmental PhilosophyĪlthough environmental issues have been addressed by philosophers Discussion of these three sorts of positionsĬonstitutes the subject matter of Section 2. “women-nature connections” that are not identified withĮither (1) or (2). Positions that offer novel or unique perspectives on “ecofeminist philosophy,” specifically and (3) Generally, but, since the late 1980s and early 1990s, are more Positions that were initially identified with They are: (1) positions whose historical beginningsĪre located in non-feminist Western environmental philosophies (2)
There are three distinct kinds of positions 1.3 Three Kinds of Positions in Feminist Environmental Philosophy Where and how this occurs is addressed throughout the essay.
Many of these key features of canonical Western philosophy areĬhallenged by positions in feminist environmental philosophy. Nature and (f) universalizability as a criterion forĪssessing the truth of ethical and epistemological principles (see Objectivity versus subjectivity (e) an assumption that there isĪn ontological divide between humans and nonhuman animals and Versus body, culture versus nature, absolutism versus relativism, and Objective principles, and understanding or calculating theĬonsequences of actions (c) conceptions of both the ideal moral agentįundamental dualisms, such as reason versus emotion, mind Rational beings who are capable of abstract reasoning, entertaining Nonhuman animals and nature (b) a conception of humans as Only the hallmark of being human it is what makes humans superior to To rationalism, the view that reason (or rationality) is not These include the following: (a) a commitment “conceptual framework”-the basic beliefs, values,Īttitudes, assumptions, and concepts-that define “theĬanon”. Tradition, there is a striking degree of agreement about the Universities throughout the English speaking Western world. Who are most commonly taught at the majority of colleges and It includes the works by the philosophers Philosophy” refers to the Western philosophical tradition 1.2 Canonical Western PhilosophyĪs used throughout the essay, “canonical Western In fact, some have claimed that “nature is aįeminist issue” might be the informal slogan of feministĮnvironmental philosophy (Warren 2000). Make deforestation, water pollution, and environmental toxins aįeminist issue.
How the lives and status of women are connected to contemporaryĮnvironmental problems. (LDCs) who are heads of households-suffer disproportionate harmsĬaused by such environmental problems as deforestation, water Women-especially poor, rural women in less developed countries In Section 3.2.) For example, data show that “oppression” and “domination” is discussed Why women's oppression is linked with the unjustified domination orĮxploitation of nature. Nature and environmental problems often helps one understand how and (used interchangeably in this essay with “theĮnvironment”) is a feminist issue because an understanding of Key Terms and Distinctions 1.1 Nature Is A Feminist IssueĪ feminist issue provides ways of understanding, eliminating, andĬreating alternatives to the oppression of women. This essay to consider non-Western philosophical positions concerningġ. Specifically or separately identified, nonhuman animals are included For the purposes of thisĮssay, “feminist environmental philosophy” refers to thisĭiversity of positions on the interconnections among women, nonhumanĪnimals and nature within Western philosophy-what will beĬalled, simply, “women-nature connections”. Nonhuman animals and nature, on the other. Socioeconomic statuses, and geographic locations, on the one hand, and Interconnections among women of diverse races/ethnicities, Of different, sometimes incompatible, philosophical perspectives on Philosophy became what it is now-an umbrella term for a variety As it matured, references to feminist environmental Women, nonhuman animals, and nature (e.g., Carol Adams 1990 Deborah Early positions of “feminist environmental philosophy”įocused mostly on ethical perspectives on the interconnections among
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